https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes daily 0.75 2025-08-13 https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/wearing-down-the-body monthly 0.5 2025-08-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/d2bb6eed-c5dc-4ddd-a017-710103846204/Russian+Icon+of+Mary+of+Egypt.gif Episodes - S2E10: Wearing (Down) the Body: Asceticism in Late Antique Monasticism - The lasting popularity of ascetic saints’ Lives can be seen in this eighteen-century Russian icon of Mary of Egypt. Mary’s body bears the marks of her extreme spiritual practices. Image Attribution “Mary of Egypt.” Anonymous icon. 18th century. Russian. RIISA Orthodox Church Museum of Finland, Kuopio. Photo Wikimedia, public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/f019997f-2abb-42c7-a3de-d5281a6a7705/S2E10+Krawiec.png Episodes - S2E10: Wearing (Down) the Body: Asceticism in Late Antique Monasticism - BIO Dr. Rebecca Krawiec is the Chair of Religious Studies and Theology at Canisius University. She received her undergraduate degree from Brown and her PhD in Religious Studies from Yale. Becky has received a Mellon grant and was a Research Associate in Harvard’s Women’s Studies in Religion Program. Her book, Shenoute and the Women of the White Monastery: Egyptian Monasticism in Late Antiquity, opens a rare window into women’s daily lives in a Coptic monastery. Her articles examine monastic living, gender, and Coptic Christianity. Becky’s current research explores the intersection of literacy and social memory in texts related to Egyptian monasticism. She is also a digital humanist; since 2013 she has been senior editor and translator with the Coptic SCRIPTORIUM project. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/the-female-form-in-roman-art monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/4ff001ef-fb7b-487b-8777-599f3c8c3cde/S2E9+Vout.png Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - BIO Dr. Caroline Vout is Professor of Classics at the University of Cambridge and Director of Cambridge’s Museum of Classical Archaeology. From 2019–2024 she held the Byvanck Chair at Leiden University. A prolific author, some of her books include Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome (2007), The Hills of Rome: Signature of an Eternal City (2012), Sex on Show: Seeing the Erotic in Greece and Rome (2013), and Classical Art: A Life History from Antiquity to the Present (2018). Exposed: The Greek and Roman Body (2022), won the London Hellenic Prize and has been translated into Spanish. Carrie has curated exhibitions at the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Henry Moore Institute. At the former, she recently curated Paris 1924: Sport, Art and the Body with Christopher Young and released an accompanying book with the same title. Carrie has appeared on “Woman’s Hour” and “In Our Time,” and contributed pieces to Apollo, Minerva, History Today, as well as the Times Literary Supplement and Observer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753923545296-ULO15062U4JNKH4UY2SF/Venus+de%27+Medici.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Venus de' Medici Venus de’ Medici, a Roman copy of a Greek bronze sculpture, following the Aphrodite of Knidos model of Praxiteles. Marble, 1st century BCE. Uffizi Gallery, Florence. Photo from Wikimedia Commons by Sailko, used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753922484930-UYRPX6HLLU81K0MVA7TV/36295001.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - The Projecta Casket The Projecta Casket. Gold and silver, ca. 380 CE. Excavated on the Esquiline Hill, Rome. The British Museum, museum number 1866,1229.1. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753923106003-65WFBPBORKPC52Y4ERZJ/Old+Drunkard+Glyptothek.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Old Drunken Woman Old Drunken Woman carrying a jar, Roman copy of a second-century BCE Greek statue, marble. Glyptothek, Munich, accession number 437. Photo Wikimedia Commons by MatthiasKabel (2005), used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753925042819-OE0XYP4K8A4RY2IAXYW6/Statuette+of+a+Woman.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Roman Statuette Unlike the goddess Aphrodite, Roman women wore long clothing (here, a chiton and himation). Statuette of a Woman, bronze, 1st–2nd century CE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897, accession number 97.22.3. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753925590859-CRD7HLU5NEK3DSWV9Y0J/Gold%2Bearring.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Roman earrings Earrings were always in fashion. Gold and amethyst earring, 1st century CE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, accession number 74.51.3973. Open access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753924848136-MMCPTQPYB9YIAT1IG776/Comnina%2BTyche.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Grave Altar of Cominia Tyche When this Roman woman died aged 27, her husband erected this grave altar. Her elaborate hairstyle is typical of the time. Marble funerary altar of Cominia Tyche, marble, ca. 90–100 CE, Rome. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Philip Hofer, 1938, accession number 38.27. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753921186067-CDPRS1ZQED32G66QRTAS/594242001.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - The Warren Cup The Warren Cup, silver drinking cup, possibly made in the Levant, ca. 15 BCE—15 CE, The British Museum, museum number 1999,0426.1. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1753922793929-Z7TPW56CP6YM57IAYZXH/Old+Woman+Roman.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - Roman Old Woman Marble Statue of an Old Woman, Roman copy of a second-century BCE Greek statue, c. 14–68 CE, Pentelic marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, accession number 09.39. Open access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/e660dab3-72bb-4fb1-ae2a-b373a10de72c/Venus+de+Milo+Wikimedia+2.jpg Episodes - S2E9: Idols for Idling Eyes: The Female Form in Roman Art - The Venus de Milo is one of ancient Greece’s most famous statues. Carved larger than life at 6 1/2 feet tall, this marble goddess was meant to make an impression! Scholars have debated her identity, but Aphrodite the goddess of love is the most widely-accepted theory—hence her name. Image Attribution Vénus de Milo, 2nd century BCE, Parian marble. The Louvre. Photo Wikimedia Commons, Mattgirling, CC BY-SA 3.0. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/race-and-gender-in-ancient-greek-literature monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/71ed15df-ce71-4d55-ac5d-2d918210840a/S2E8+Murray.png Episodes - S2E8: From Athens to Ethiopia: Race and Gender in Ancient Greek Literature - BIO Dr. Jackie Murray is an Associate Professor in the Department of Classics at the University at Buffalo. She earned her PhD from the University of Washington, after degrees from the University of Guelph and the University of Western Ontario. Jackie has a book forthcoming with Harvard University Press on Neikos: Apollonius and the Poetics of Controversy and another book on Race and Racecraft in Ancient Greek and Roman Epic. Ongoing collaborative projects include a textbook on race and ethnicity in antiquity (with Rebecca Futo Kennedy), a project on slavery and Plato (with David Kauffman), and a teacher-training guide on Antiracist Teaching in Ancient Mediterranean Studies (with Kelly Dugan and Shelley Haley). She has held fellowships at the American Academy in Rome, Harvard’s Center for Hellenic Studies, and the American Academy in Berlin. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/4dcf109d-4c4a-4e29-bccb-f1cdc7b071a9/Chryses_Agamemnon_Louvre_K1.jpg Episodes - S2E8: From Athens to Ethiopia: Race and Gender in Ancient Greek Literature - In this scene from Homer’s Iliad, Chryseis’ father kneels before Agamemnon attempting to ransom her. Earlier in the war, the Trojan woman had been taken prisoner and given to the Mycenaean king as a sex slave. Images like this remind us that race in the ancient Mediterranean operated differently. Dr. Jackie Murray explains in this episode that race had much more to do with power differential, violence, and alienable humanity. Women were especially vulnerable. Image Attribution Chryses attempting to ransom his daughter Chryseis from Agamemnon. Side A of an Apulian red-figure volute-crater (vase), ca. 360–350 BCE, found in Taranto, Italy. Currently in the Louvre. Public domain photo. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/to-have-and-to-hold monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/6e98c9d2-ed86-43bc-b9c4-50937c4eee45/S2E7+Rape+of+Tamar.jpeg Episodes - S2E7: To Have and To Hold: Sexual Violence and the Bible - Icky scenes of sex and violence from the Bible were favorite subjects of Renaissance period artists. This painting depicts the biblical story of the rape of David’s daughter Tamar by her half-brother Amnon. Although the original text does not directly state Tamar’s feelings, Eustache le Sueur has given her a horrified expression. Her body turns from Amnon; her right arm tries to keep him away. Image Attribution Eustache Le Sueur. “The Rape of Tamar.” Oil painting on canvas. Probably ca. 1640. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 1984.342. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/95fdda23-9612-4b98-a6de-0ee49923628d/S2E7+Graybill.png Episodes - S2E7: To Have and To Hold: Sexual Violence and the Bible - BIO Dr. Rhiannon Graybill is the Weinstein Rosenthal Chair in Jewish Studies at the University of Richmond. She earned her Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies from the University of California, Berkeley. Her works focus on women, gender, and sexuality in the Hebrew Bible using the lens of literary theory. Her books include Are We Not Men? Unstable Masculinity in the Hebrew Prophets (2016), Texts after Terror: Rape, Sexual Violence, and the Hebrew Bible (2021), and recently two books on Jonah: a co-written commentary (with Steve Mckenzie and John Kaltner, 2023) and an introduction to the text, What Are They Saying about the Book of Jonah? (2023). A current project, tentatively titled This is Not My Beautiful Body, draws on feminist literary traditions to explore metaphorical depictions of the female body in the Hebrew Bible. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/bad-blood monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/f59f2480-d962-4055-9e85-3425818134e9/S2E6+Secunda.png Episodes - S2E6: Bad Blood: The Period Talk in Rabbinic Judaism and Zoroastrianism - BIO Dr. Shai Secunda is Jacob Neusner Professor in the History and Theology of Judaism at Bard College. He earned a bachelor's degree in Talmudic Literature from Ner Israel Rabbinical College, a master's in Liberal Arts from Johns Hopkins University, and an MA and PhD from Yeshiva University. He was previously the Blaustein Postdoctoral Fellow at Yale University, and he served as a member of the Martin Buber Society of Fellows at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Shai has written two books, The Iranian Talmud: Reading the Bavli in Its Sasanian Context and The Talmud’s Red Fence: Menstruation and Difference in Babylonian Judaism and Its Sasanian Context. The latter was a finalist for the 2022 Jordan Schnitzer Book Award. Shai has also edited two volumes on Jewish and Iranian studies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/2839d535-68da-4e47-b7f5-3fea5ed9e2cf/Healing_of_a_bleeding_women_Marcellinus-Peter-Catacomb.jpg Episodes - S2E6: Bad Blood: The Period Talk in Rabbinic Judaism and Zoroastrianism - The New Testament Gospels tell the story of a woman who suffered with an issue of blood for twelve years before Jesus healed her (Mark 5 and Luke 8). Traditionally interpreters believed the woman’s issue of blood had left her in a state of ritual impurity, limiting her social and religious life. More recently scholars have questioned that reading. They have suggested that the woman was ill, but not necessarily prohibited from society. Image Credit: The Woman with the Flow of Blood. Fresco from the Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter. Rome. 4th century CE. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/the-pee-test monthly 0.5 2025-07-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1b93e6e4-d1e9-4ffd-a18f-b4c2dc91676c/S2E5+Nifosi.png Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - BIO Dr. Ada Nifosì is Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Kent. She researches and writes on the social and legal status of women in the Egyptian and Greco-Roman world, as well as religious ritual, children, and toys. She holds a BA in Classical Archaeology from the University of Padua, an MA and MPhil in Egyptian Archaeology from the University of Bologna, and a PhD from the University of Kent. In 2009 she published a book on Ptolemaic and Roman period amulets, Catalogo degli amuleti di Bakchias. Her newest monograph, Becoming a Woman and Mother in Greco-Roman Egypt, explores the life-cycle of women in that period. Ada received the 2015 Faculty of Humanities Research Prize for Postgraduate Research for her study of Egyptian amulets at the Beaney Museum of Art and Knowledge. She is completing another book on funerary commemorations of young, unmarried women across the Mediterranean. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/711d52ff-3db5-4d46-a607-1f4131b811d7/Birth+scene.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Childbirth in the ancient world was dangerous, and women helped each other through it. This Roman relief depicts a woman giving birth with three women (midwives?) attending. One guides the baby out of the birth canal. The mother’s face turns toward another midwife as if drawing strength from her presence. Image Credit: Marble plaque showing parturition scene, Roman, from Ostia, Science Museum Group Collection. The Science Museum, accession number A129245. Credit: Racchi, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Licence. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482481643-FJAZXD9V2MEVOO9GACIQ/PS1_47.265_Fnt_DD_T08.jpg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Udjat Eye Amulet Sacred Eye Udjat. Ca. 945-525 BCE. Polychrome faience, glass. Egypt. The Walters Art Museum. Acquired by Henry Walters, 1929. accession number 47.265. Creative Commons Zero license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482836365-9MMP3BN7HD23BVIGT4W4/Isis+Nursing+Horus.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Isis Nursing Horus Statuette of Isis nursing Horus. Ptolemaic Period. 332–30 BCE. Egypt. Faience. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest Fund, 1955. Accession number 55.121.5. Open Access Public Domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482563567-OW6HKBF5580Q5P7KB6X3/Wall+relief.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Birthing Scene The Temple at Kom Ombo in Upper Egypt preserves this relief of a birthing scene. Note the two women crouching on birthing stools. It dates from the Greco-Roman period, between the fourth century BCE and the fourth century CE. Image Credit: Egyptian wall relief, taken 1989. Carole Reeves. Source: Wellcome Collection. Used under an attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482608681-B89IPH9HKFY9X6JKWI4L/Friends+scene.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Egyptian Women & Infant Group of two women with a child. Ca. 1981–1500 BCE. New Kingdom Egypt. Limestone and paint. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers Fund, 1922. Accession number 22.2.35. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482410890-XIKZ0FG0OUFVWU3XQKUR/Intaglio.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Uterine Amulet A uterus and fallopian tubes are inscribed into this gem, presumably to protect the womb of its female owner Image Credit: Agate intaglio: Uterine symbol. 2nd century CE. Roman. Agate. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift of Miss Helen Miller Gould, 1910. Accession Number 10.130.1386. Open Access Public Domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482802336-HMLGK4CX6AV8MKKQYNCL/PS1_71.510_Fnt_DD_T08.jpg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Magic Wand How exactly ancient Egyptians used this magic wand, we don’t know. But carved with images of Taweret (the goddess of childbirth), Bes, and other gods, it may have been used for protecting mother and child. Image Credit: Magic Wand Depicting a Procession of Deities. Ca. 1880–1700 BCE. Middle Kingdom. The Walters Art Museum. Acquired by Henry Walters, 1914. Accession number 71.510. Creative Commons Zero License. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482644332-5P7CFHGB0J0EEA3X6DC9/PKahun_VI1-12.jpg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Kahun Gynecological Papyrus P.Kahun VI, pages 1-2. Medical papyrus. 12th Dynasty. Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. Accession Number UC 32057. Photo by Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862-1934). Wikimedia, Public Domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734482528931-RZDALJM78HUZCANWKALU/Bes+amulet.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Bes Amulet Bes-Image Amulet. Ca. 1070–712 B.C. Egypt. Faience. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Purchase, Edward S. Harkness Gift, 1926. Accession number 26.7.878. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1734483602096-B3S2JEVSVPOKB32LONLN/Taweret.jpeg Episodes - S2E5: The Pee Test: Pregnancy and Childbirth in Ancient Egypt - Taweret Amulet For thousands of years, the hippopotamus-headed goddess Taweret protected Egyptian women during pregnancy and childbirth, and their infants afterwards. Image credit: Taweret Amulet. Late Period. 664–332 BCE. Egypt. Faience. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift of Helen Miller Gould, 1910. Accession number 10.130.2017. Open Access Public Domain. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/blemished-brides monthly 0.5 2024-12-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/e075cb39-1510-4ce8-a347-14e6576fe462/S2E4+Watts+Belser+%28alternate%29.png Episodes - S2E4: Blemished Brides: Women’s Bodies and Disability in Ancient Judaism - BIO Dr. Julia Watts Belser is Professor of Jewish Studies in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Georgetown University, and a core faculty member in the Disabilities Studies Program. She researches ethics and theology, as well as gender, sexuality, and disability in rabbinic literature. Julia has written multiple books—including Rabbinic Tales of Destruction: Gender, Sex, and Disability in the Ruins of Jerusalem (2018) and Power, Ethics, and Ecology: Rabbinic Responses to Drought and Disaster (2015). Her most recent book, Loving Our Own Bones: Disability Wisdom and the Spiritual Subversiveness of Knowing Ourselves Whole (2023), won a 2024 National Jewish Book Award. She co-authored an international Health Handbook for Women with Disabilities (2007), and she directs Disability and Climate Change: A Public Archive Project. Julia earned a BA from Cornell University, an M.A. from the Academy for Jewish Religion, and a Ph.D. from the University of California - Berkeley. She is also a rabbi, a wheelchair hiker, and a queer feminist advocate for disability and gender justice. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/cfc498b1-2d9a-45e9-a538-2e135e08b336/Seianti_Hanunia_Tlesnasa.jpg Episodes - S2E4: Blemished Brides: Women’s Bodies and Disability in Ancient Judaism - Cover Image: Depicted reclining on top of her sarcophagus, Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa appears at ease with her body. Her physical remains tell a different story of a life lived in pain and with limited mobility. Her tomb and her physical remains serve as poignant reminders that, much like today, people in the ancient world lived with diverse physical experiences. Image Credit: Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa. Poggio Cantarelllo, Italy. Ca. 250–150 BCE. Painted terracotta sarcophagus. The British Museum, accession number 1887,0402.1. Image from Wikimedia Commons, by Gryffindor - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/veiled-but-not-hidden monthly 0.5 2024-11-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/2fcc32c9-274c-416e-b87c-0a93f8c17138/Copy+of+Funerary+Relief+of+Abuna%2C+Daughter+of+Nabuna+.jpg Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - Cover Art This funeral stone is our only testimony to the life of Nabuna, a woman from the late-second or early-third century CE who lived in Palmyra, a great trading city in modern-day Syria and at the time a vassal state to Rome. Like many women throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, Nabuna wore a veil. Her elaborate headdress shows the local style. Image Credit: Funerary relief of Nabuna, daughter of Abuna. Palmyra. Ca. 170-230 CE. Limestone with traces of pigment. Yale University Art Gallery, gift of Edward B. Greene, B.A. 1900, accession number 1930.6. No copyright. Photograph by Emily Chesley. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1731036555205-02VG3K8OO6OARH896ADR/Dancing+Veiled+woman.jpeg Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - Dancer from Alexandria Image Description: Lloyd talks about this statue, which depicts a dancer from Alexandria, Egypt. It is an example of a woman wearing both a pharos and a tegidion. Image credit: Bronze statuette of veiled, dancing woman, Greek, 3rd-2nd c. BCE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Walter C. Baker, 1971, accession number 1972.118.95. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1731036555652-VPIEG9ZRX85D4PKLQTPA/LC-59_11_17-1.jpg Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - Greek Bride Image description: This woman is dressed as a Greek bride— her head covered, myrtle in her hair, and carrying a myrtle branch. Image credit: Terracotta jug, ca. 520 BCE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Frederick P. Huntley Bequest, 1959, accession number 59.11.17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1731036554147-EUIQNENSUCRQ40LRQRP4/Veiled+woman+3.jpeg Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - Head of a Veiled Greek Woman Greek head of a veiled woman, terracotta, 4th c. BCE. Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, purchased by subscription, 1874–76, accession number 74.51.1494. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1731036554139-H7UXI4ORJ0CNLI7XC9WO/Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Wien_2016_Antikensammlung_Isis_I_158_c.jpeg Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - Roman Statue of Isis Image Description: A Roman statue of Isis, showing a fringed shaal veil, covering the goddess’s head and shoulders Image Credit: Roman statue of the goddess Isis in black and white marble, 100–150 CE. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, inventory number I 158. Image from Wikimedia Commons, by Manfred Werner (Tsui), used under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/9bb6fcb0-ddaf-4e9d-a0c1-0b4943f468ef/S2E3+Llewellyn-Jones.png Episodes - S2E3: Veiled But Not Hidden in Ancient Greece - BIO Dr. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones is Professor in Ancient History at the University of Cardiff. Lloyd’s expertise crosses fields from ancient Iran to Greek socio-cultural history, from textiles and clothing, to gender and sexuality. He is Chair in Ancient History at Cardiff University and directs the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. Lloyd has received multiple awards, including an Iran Heritage grant and a Carnegie Trust Award. He has authored, co-authored, and co-edited more than 17 books, including Aphrodite’s Tortoise: The Veiled Women of Ancient Greece, Greek and Roman Dress from A-Z (written with Liza Cleland and Glenys Davies), and Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Order his recent release now, The Cleopatras: The Forgotten Queens of Egypt. He is a regular contributor to BBC History Magazine, History Today, and World History. He earned his bachelors from the University of Hull and his masters and PhD in Ancient History at Cardiff University. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/virginity-and-the-hype-about-hymens monthly 0.5 2024-11-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/b17d602f-c578-42ac-9573-89e8cd68f4ba/main-image.jpg Episodes - S2E2: Virginity and the Hype About Hymens in Early Christianity - Cover Image: Arguably the most famous virgin in Western history, Mary the Mother of Jesus was the inspiration for countless works of art. In this Renaissance painting, the artist wraps her in a cloak embroidered with cherubim to signify her holy status, and he depicts her as youthful and serene—signals of her perpetual virginity, which the Catholic Church taught. Image Credit: “Madonna and Child with Angels,” by Pietro di Domenico da Montepulciano. 1420 CE. Tempura painting on wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1907, accession number 07.201. No copyright. OA public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/ca27736f-0e6f-4ff5-a6bb-c078841e1f69/S2E2+Lillis.png Episodes - S2E2: Virginity and the Hype About Hymens in Early Christianity - BIO Dr. Julia Kelto Lillis is Assistant Professor of Early Christian History at Union Theological Seminary, where she specializes in gender and sexuality in early Christianity. Her book Virgin Territory: Configuring Female Virginity in Early Christianity, won the Best First Book Prize from the North American Patristics Society and the American Historical Association’s 2024 Prize in History prior to 1000 CE. She also received the American Society of Church History’s Jane Dempsey Douglass prize for one of her articles, “Paradox in Partu: Verifying Virginity in the Protevangelium of James.” Her second book will analyze ideas of genderless personhood that early Christians imagined for heavenly or earthly human life. She holds a BA from St. Olaf College, an MDiv and ThM from Princeton Theological Seminary, and a PhD in Religion from Duke University. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/wandering-wombs monthly 0.5 2024-10-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/131ece77-5035-474e-b0d8-1d90e32a19f0/S2E1+Flemming.png Episodes - S2E1: Wandering Wombs: Greco-Roman Gynecology and Women’s Health - BIO Professor Rebecca Flemming is the A.G. Leventis Chair in Ancient Greek Scientific and Technological Thought at the University of Exeter and is Director of the Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health (WCCEH). Rebecca researches pandemics and disease; gender, bodies, and sexuality; and reproduction and society in the classical world. She has written Medicine and the Making of Roman Women, and co-edited two volumes: Reproduction: Antiquity to the Present Day (with Nick Hopwood and Lauren Kassell) and Medicine and Markets in the Graeco-Roman World and Beyond (with Laurence M. V. Totelin). She has also appeared in a BBC4 documentary on the Justinianic plague. She earned her MA and PhD in the History Department of Kings College London. A forthcoming monograph examines medicine and empire in the Roman World. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1727312960445-KXQOHJHI9GID3VBJ3TMV/default.jpg Episodes - S2E1: Wandering Wombs: Greco-Roman Gynecology and Women’s Health - Votive Womb Clay models of body parts, like this uterus, have been discovered in and around temples across the Roman world. Breasts, uteri, male genitalia, limbs — all parts of the human body that needed healing. Some petitioners may have come ill, bringing copies of their afflicted member in hopes that the god would heal them. Others may have offered the dedications in gratitude for a successful recovery. Credit: Clay-backed uterus, Roman votive offering. Wellcome Museum, no accession number listed. CC BY 4.0 license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1728350381987-3TZACGL7VW95VFETWCXE/Screenshot+2024-10-07+at+9.19.17%E2%80%AFPM.png Episodes - S2E1: Wandering Wombs: Greco-Roman Gynecology and Women’s Health - Votive Pregnant Woman Votive offerings were given to the gods either in the hope of a cure or as thanks for one and were made in the shape of the afflicted body part. This pregnant female terracotta figure which unfortunately is missing its head and arms, suggests that a woman was hoping for the safe delivery of her child. This object is believed to be Roman. Credit: Votive pregnant female, terracotta. C. 200BCE- 200CE. Science Museum Group. Sir Henry Wellcome’s Museum Collection, ascension number, A634991. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1727313064401-FZPUCX4NAW0DFULVXU5E/Brussels_Koninklijke_Bibliotheek_van_Belgie%2C_Bibliothe%CC%80que_royale_de_Belgique_ms._3701-15_55.jpg Episodes - S2E1: Wandering Wombs: Greco-Roman Gynecology and Women’s Health - Manuscript of Soranus A widely-popular medical text, this medieval Latin copy of Soranus’ Gynecology illustrated many ideas about women’s health. Here, the artist imagines pregnancy and the womb. Credit: Fetal positions in the womb. Illustration accompanying Soranus’ Gynecology. 9th century CE. Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, ms. 3701-15, fol. 29r. Image from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/cc2d5722-0ff4-4638-880d-c6afcecf9cca/Foetal_positions_BR_3701-15_28r.jpg Episodes - S2E1: Wandering Wombs: Greco-Roman Gynecology and Women’s Health - Cover Image: The doctor Soranus’ treatise Gynecology was one of the most popular medical texts, even into late antiquity and the medieval period. It was copied and translated widely. The images in this ninth-century Latin manuscript show how he viewed the womb as a sack or leather bottle with a flexible neck. Image Credit: Fetal positions in the womb. Illustration accompanying Soranus’ Gynecology. 9th century CE. Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, ms. 3701-15, fol. 28r. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/bodily-matters monthly 0.5 2025-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1726718041428-KZ53QJI1XRLDP34W4255/Disk_of_Enheduanna_%282%29.jpg Episodes - S2E0: Bodily Matters: The Lifecycle of an Ancient Woman - The Disk of Enheduanna This famous alabaster disk presents Enheduanna as high priestess: she wears the headdress and dress of that rank and directs the three priests around her in ritual activities. An inscription on the reverse confirms that Enheduanna herself commissioned the disk and dedicated it to a temple. Not only a priestess and poet, but also patron and donor. Credit: Disk of Enheduanna, Sumerian alabaster. Ca. 2350-2300 BCE. 25.6cm in diameter. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, excavated 1926, accession number B16665. Image from Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1726718041091-EV1NC0XNC9FYNL5MCEWB/main-image.jpeg Episodes - S2E0: Bodily Matters: The Lifecycle of an Ancient Woman - Woman Worshiping Inanna This limestone statue was excavated in the temple of Inanna at Nippur (Iraq). The Sumerian city lay about 200 kilometers north of Ur, where Enheduanna served as priestess. The object reminds us that many other women—like Enheduanna but anonymous to us—brought their petitions and joys to the goddess Inanna. Credit: Standing Female Worshiper. Sumerian limestone statue inlaid with shell and lapis lazuli. Ca. 2600–2500 BCE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1962, accession number: 62.70.2. Open Access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1726718044348-X66F8FWTAPLCKKS1ACE1/Seal_of_Inanna%2C_2350-2150_BCE.jpg Episodes - S2E0: Bodily Matters: The Lifecycle of an Ancient Woman - Goddess Inanna (Ishtar) In ancient Mesopotamia, people had cylinder seals instead of email signatures. This seal depicts the goddess Inanna under her Akkadian name: Ishtar. Her right hand holds a leashed lion, and her right foot steps on its back in a power pose. She is attended by the Akkadian goddess Ninishkun. Credit: Impression of Akkadian cylinder seal with Ninishkun and Ishtar. Akkadian, black stone seal. Ca. 2254-2193 BCE. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, registration number OIM A 27903. Image from Wikimedia Commons, by Sailko - this file has been extracted from another file, CC BY 3.0. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1727312650345-5QLCGL7VYVEXKDXTYV9A/Screenshot+2024-09-25+at+9.03.02%E2%80%AFPM.png Episodes - S2E0: Bodily Matters: The Lifecycle of an Ancient Woman - Hymn to Inanna These clay tablets preserve one of Enheduanna’s hymns to Inanna, the Sumerian goddess of love and war. Enheduanna weaves autobiographical information, like her conflict with Lugaluanne, into her prayers. Credit: Tablets recording the “Hymn to Inanna” in Old Babylonian, Tablet Enheduanna B - hymn to Inanna, clay tablets, photograph by K. Wagensonner, 202, collection number YPM BC 000088. Courtesy of the Peabody Museum, Yale University; peabody.yale.edu. Used under a CC0 1.0 license. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/75038dbf-f0bc-47c6-a327-f1d3db32dd7c/DP256401.jpg Episodes - S2E0: Bodily Matters: The Lifecycle of an Ancient Woman - Episode Cover Art Then as now, ancient women’s bodies came in all shapes and sizes. And then as now, the female form was variously an object of fascination, objectification, and worship. Season 2 explores women’s bodies across their lifecycle. This small statue from Cycladic-period Greece both brings ancient women’s bodies tantalizingly close and yet leaves us with many more questions. Credit: Marble female figure. Small statute from the Cycladic period. 4500–4000 BCE. The Metropolitan Museum of art, bequest of Walter C. Baker, 1971, accession Number 1972.118.104, OA public domain. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/out-of-pandoras-box monthly 0.5 2024-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/96a6c500-56b0-4a47-8e0e-68268bb3cb8f/Lyons.jpeg Episodes - S1E10: Out of Pandora’s Box, Recovering Hope - BIO Dr. Deborah Lyons is an Associate Professor of Classics at Miami University (Oxford, OH). Deborah holds degrees from Wesleyan University and Princeton University, where she earned a PhD in Classics. She has also studied at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, and the University of Heidelberg. Deborah works on gender in antiquity—especially in myth and literature. She also brings her expertise to Greek archaic and classical poetry, religion, and anthropological approaches to the study of antiquity. She has published extensively and won fellowships from the National Humanities Center and Harvard’s The Center for Hellenic Studies. Some of her books include: Gender and Immortality: Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult (1997), Women and Property in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Societies with Raymond Westbrook (2005), and Dangerous Gifts: Gender and Exchange in Ancient Greece (2013). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/616316db-e665-4242-9fb1-6de9fada103e/Season+1+Episode+10.png Episodes - S1E10: Out of Pandora’s Box, Recovering Hope - Episode Cover Art This decorated clay jar was thrown around the time Hesiod wrote his epic poems Theogony and Works and Days. Like a pithos, this amphora’s wide neck and narrow base would have made it top-heavy. It wouldn’t have needed much help from Pandora to fall over. Credit: Proto-attic amphora. Greek clay jar painted by the painter of Group of the Wild Style. Ca. 700–650 BCE. National Archaeological Museum, Athens, accession number 15924. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/in-her-own-words monthly 0.5 2024-04-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/653346fe-3e93-40a8-acae-a6f5df7cec28/Season+1+Episode+9.png Episodes - S1E9: In Her Own Words: Ancient Women Authors - Episode Cover Art This Roman fresco (sometimes referred to as “Sappho”) depicts a richly dressed, anonymous woman in a thoughtful pose. Strikingly, she is equipped with the tools of a writer: a stylus and tablet. Credit: Fresco of woman with tablets and stylus, Pompeii. Ca. 50–79 CE. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, accession number 9084. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/80eec89b-821a-42bb-bf20-a7406edccb78/Kate-Grand-Canyon-Author-Photo.jpeg Episodes - S1E9: In Her Own Words: Ancient Women Authors - BIO Dr. Kate Cooper is Professor of History at Royal Holloway, University of London. She received her PhD from Princeton University in 1993, after degrees from Wesleyan University and Harvard University. Her work is wide-ranging. She has written on late antique Christianity, women and the ancient Roman household, religious conflict and violence, and martyrdom. Her books include Band of Angels: The Forgotten World of Early Christian Women (2013), The Virgin and the Bride: Idealized Womanhood in Late Antiquity (1996), The Fall of the Roman Household (2007), and her forthcoming Queens of a Fallen World: The Lost Women of Augustine’s Confessions (April 2023). She often provides expert commentary for the BBC, CNN, and National Geographic. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/suffering-witches-to-live monthly 0.5 2024-09-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/c58489e0-4cf8-4db8-a3a2-21b42b5cf51a/IMG_9574.jpeg Episodes - S1E8: Suffering Witches to Live: Jewish Women and the Legacies of Religious Law - Episode Cover Art This marble funerary plaque gives us the name of Sophia, who was an archisynagogissa – literally, “the head of a synagogue” – in the town of Kissamos on Crete. Rare discoveries like this challenge the narrative in male-authored Rabbinic texts that women could not study Torah. Credit: Funerary plaque of archisynagogissa Sophia. 4th or 5th century CE. Ephorate of Antiquities of Chania-Archaeological Museum of Kissamos, inventory number E16. Exhibited in the Jewish Museum of Greece. Photograph by Emily Chesley. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/d2055132-32e5-4a94-b743-b3b1b7800291/Alexander.jpeg Episodes - S1E8: Suffering Witches to Live: Jewish Women and the Legacies of Religious Law - BIO Dr. Elizabeth Shanks Alexander is Full Professor at the University of Virginia in the Department of Religious Studies. She received her MA, Phil, and PhD in Judaic Studies all from Yale University, after a BA in Religion from Haverford College. She has written extensively about rabbinic literature and culture, especially oral tradition and the production of the Mishnah. In the last decade she has turned her attention to women, ritual, and gender within rabbinic literature. Her book Gender and Timebound Commandments in Judaism (2013) was a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award. She has also published Transmitting Mishnah: The Shaping Influence of Oral Tradition(2006). Her current project explores the rabbinic gendering of biblical Israel. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/women-get-a-head-gender-and-other-weapons monthly 0.5 2024-04-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/1ddefc85-443b-4898-9e3a-0ce3ea7e4d20/Tamber-Rosenau.jpg Episodes - S1E7: Women Get a Head: Gender and Other Weapons - BIO Dr. Caryn Tamber-Rosenau is an Instructional Associate Professor of Jewish Studies and Religious Studies at the University of Houston. She received her PhD in Religion from Vanderbilt, her MA in Jewish Studies from Towson University (Baltimore Hebrew Institute), and her BA from the University of Pennsylvania. Her dissertation and first book, Women in Drag: Gender and Performance in the Hebrew Bible and Early Jewish Literature (2018), explore how biblical heroines like Judith and Jael perform or perhaps even parody the female gender. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/af162fb9-f28d-41ad-a3e4-76a39540b365/Season+1+Episode+7.png Episodes - S1E7: Women Get a Head: Gender and Other Weapons - Episode Cover Art This painting was created by the Italian Baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi, who may have been inspired by her own experience of rape. She paints the apocryphal story of Judith slaying her would-be assaulter, the warrior Holofernes. Credit: Detail of “Judith Slaying Holofernes,” by Artemisia Gentileschi. Oil painting from 1611-12 CE. Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, accession number Q 378. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/scepter-and-sword-african-warrior-queens monthly 0.5 2024-04-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/b0070be7-cb93-4605-b76b-0be6b2c57df4/Ashby.jpg Episodes - S1E6: Scepter and Sword: African Warrior Queens - BIO Dr. Solange Ashby is President’s Postdoctoral Fellow in Egyptology and Nubian Religion at the University of California, Los Angeles in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures. She is an Egyptologist, Nubiologist, and archaeologist. Her recent book, Calling Out to Isis: The Enduring Nubian Presence at Philae (2020), studies Nubian worshippers of the goddess Isis. She earned a BA in Intercultural Studies at Simon’s Rock College and a PhD in Egyptology at the University of Chicago. She has researched at the temple of Philae in Egypt and excavated at the royal cemetery of El-Kurru in Sudan. In 2018, she featured in a documentary directed by Taaqiy Grant, which looked at the many aspects of Ancient Egyptian civilization, and in 2020 she featured in the film series Hapi, which focused on the role of economics in civilization. She previously taught at American University in Washington, DC and Barnard College. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/94e4fa79-ec26-42d2-9e27-b2fc62921682/Season+1+Episode+6.png Episodes - S1E6: Scepter and Sword: African Warrior Queens - Episode Cover Art This ceremonial object that depicts a goddess was discovered in Kawa, Nubia and is inscribed with the name of the early Meroitic king Arnekhamani, who was a dynastic predecessor of Queen Amanirenas. Credit: Aegis of a goddess. Bronze fitting for a ceremonial boat from the Meroitic period. Late 3rd century BCE. The British Museum, accession number EA63585. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/the-oldest-profession monthly 0.5 2024-04-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/e4d22d87-62fa-49a2-8dca-002213bdf45a/McGinn-1.jpg Episodes - S1E5: Was the Oldest Profession a Profession? - BIO Dr. Thomas A. J. McGinn is Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. He earned a BA from Harvard College magna cum laude in 1978, an MA from Cambridge University in 1980, and a PhD from the University of Michigan in 1986. Over his career he has held multiple positions at the American Academy in Rome and the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome, and he has also been a visiting professor in the law school of the University of Naples, Italy. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Academy in Rome, and the Fulbright Commission. Some of his most famous books are Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome (1998), The Economy of Prostitution in the Roman World (2004), and Widows and Patriarchy (2008). Most recently he published an edited volume with Dennis P. Kehoe: Ancient Law, Ancient Society (2017). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/c1fae3ae-f1b8-4d06-babb-aaada44bdc21/Season+1+Episode+5.png Episodes - S1E5: Was the Oldest Profession a Profession? - Episode Cover Art This mosaic portrait of Empress Theodora, created during her own lifetime, depicts the empress as a donor of a magnificent new church in Ravenna, Italy. Alongside her husband Justinian, Theodora supported important building projects across the empire and founded an institution for former prostitutes outside Constantinople. Whether or not Procopius’ account of her origins was correct, there is much more of her story to remember her by. Credit: Detail of Theodora mosaic, Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. 540s CE. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/two-breasts-of-the-father monthly 0.5 2024-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/206048d7-4c3f-4131-9c34-e0fea0e3ddc7/Rabbula+Gospels+fol.+13v.jpeg Episodes - S1E4: “The Two Breasts of the Father”: Does Your God Look Like You? - Episode Cover Art A famous Syriac illuminated Gospel manuscript–known as the Rabbula Gospels–depicts a joyous scene of Jesus ascending into heaven surrounded by angels and human worshippers, including Mary. Credit: Detail of the Annunciation, illumination in the Syriac Rabbula Gospels, fol. 13v. 6th century CE. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/f4bf9551-61da-4e0e-a397-fb1a0ad2f700/SAH+2.jpeg Episodes - S1E4: “The Two Breasts of the Father”: Does Your God Look Like You? - BIO Dr. Susan Ashbrook Harvey is the Willard Prescott and Annie McClelland Smith Professor of History and Religion at Brown University. She specializes in late antique and Byzantine Christianity, with an emphasis on Syriac Christianity. Susan has published extensively on a wide number of topics, including asceticism, liturgical prayer, and women in late antique Christianity. Some of her books include: Scenting Salvation: Ancient Christianity and the Olfactory Imagination, Song and Memory: Biblical Women in the Syriac Tradition, and Holy Women of the Syrian Orient (with Sebastian P. Brock). She earned her PhD from the University of Birmingham as a Marshall Scholar. A Guggenheim Fellow and multi-awardee, she has also been given honorary doctorates by Lund University, the University of Bern, and Grinnell College. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/fall-girl monthly 0.5 2024-08-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/3ab79dab-5e62-4458-91cf-181eb1467d5e/Season+1+Episode+3.png Episodes - S1E3: Fall Girl: Theology, Gender, and How Eve Ruined Us All - Episode Cover Art The story of Eve and the fall of the human race from Genesis has engrossed thousands of artists through the centuries. This German Renaissance painter portrays a calm, cold conversation between Eve and the serpent, who emerges from the shadows. Credit: Detail of “Adam and Eve,” by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Oil painting from 1528 CE. Uffizi Gallery of Art, accession number Inventario 1890, n. 1459. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/b32f4ac2-6f5a-4c1c-8f7d-a7704b6c7428/Pagels.jpg Episodes - S1E3: Fall Girl: Theology, Gender, and How Eve Ruined Us All - BIO An award-winning historian of religion, Dr. Elaine Pagels is the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University. She is a multi-time, New York Timesbest-selling author, perhaps most famous for writing The Gnostic Gospels, as well as The Origin of Satan, Beyond Belief, and Adam, Eve and the Serpent. She studies gnosticism in early Christianity, sexuality and politics, and the origins of Christian anti-Semitism, among many topics. She was awarded a MacArthur Genius grant and received the National Medal for the Arts from President Barack Obama. Elaine was also the first woman admitted to Harvard’s Graduate School of Religion, where she earned her PhD, a story she recounts in her autobiography, Why Religion? https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/ghostwriting-the-daughters-of-men monthly 0.5 2024-08-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/ed775efd-824e-4e8d-b979-e5e38e1616c4/Season+1+Episode+2.png Episodes - S1E2: Ghostwriting the Daughters of Men - Episode Cover Art American artist David Chester French passionately depicts the story of Genesis 6, where angels fall from heaven and partner with human women. As we learn in this episode, the Genesis story becomes popular in later Jewish writings and is revised in the Testament of Reuben and in the Book of the Watchers. Credit: “The Sons of God Saw the Daughters of Men That They Were Fair,” marble sculpture by Daniel Chester French. 1923 CE. Corcoran Gallery of Art, National Gallery of Art, accession number 2014.136.241. Image from Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/2f9834fc-82cb-44dc-86e5-5665609eb4df/Reed.jpeg Episodes - S1E2: Ghostwriting the Daughters of Men - BIO Dr. Annette Yoshiko Reed is a Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at Harvard Divinity School. Previously teaching in the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at NYU, her research is incredibly wide-ranging. She’s written extensively on early Christianity, Second Temple Judasim, and famously their intersections and partings. Take a look at her books Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity or Demons, Angels, and Writing in Ancient Judaism, among others. After a BA at McGill and a masters at Harvard, Annette earned her PhD at Princeton University. She is currently working on a book on memory and forgetting. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/invisible-women monthly 0.5 2024-08-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/183e9d3b-bda6-42c8-bec6-74039d1d56d6/Gribetz-1363x2048.jpg Episodes - S1E1: Invisible Women and How They Made History - BIO Dr. Sarit Kattan Gribetz is an Associate Professor in the Theology Department at Fordham University. She completed her BA, MA, and PhD at Princeton University. Her first book, Time and Difference in Rabbinic Judaism, explores the conceptions of time within rabbinic literature. In addition to her work on time and temporality, Sarit’s work broadly focuses on ancient Judaism, gender and sexuality, and material spaces. Her current book project explores Queen Helena of Adiabene, and following that will write a gendered history of Jerusalem. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/a7382e7f-c42a-4b70-9378-fef0bf285e5e/Season+1+Episode+1.png Episodes - S1E1: Invisible Women and How They Made History - Episode Cover Art Just like this fragment of an Egyptian queen’s regal face, only traces remain of ancient women’s lives. But women were there! This episode we think about how to piece together histories of women when they didn’t get to leave written records of their own. Credit: Fragment of a queen’s face. Yellow jasper sculpture from New Kingdom Egypt. Ca. 1390–1336. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Edward S. Harkness Gift, 1926, accession number 26.7.1396. OA public domain. https://www.womenwhowentbefore.com/episodes/missing-presumed-absent monthly 0.5 2024-04-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/65a6b73a696d7b0ae7f3dc9b/61e70405-aa84-4155-a8df-2f6e9938d04d/Season+1+Episode+0.png Episodes - S1E0: Missing, Presumed…Absent? Where Were All the Ancient Women? - Episode Cover Art This bronze figure was created around the time of Perpetua’s arrest and brutal death in the gladiatorial arena of Carthage. The figure emphasizes the violence the Roman state could wield against anyone of whom it disapproved. Credit: Bronze relief of a Roman soldier and a barbarian. Ca. 200 CE. 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